I don't know much. I have had the same guitar for 35+ years. I just pick it up and play it. I don't really know what other guitars are like.
I mean, in general terms, there are 3 types of acoustic guitars: classical, 6 string and 12 string.
A classical guitar is the one without the pick guard. It tends to have nylon strings and is for plucking with your fingers. There are people who can do wonderful things on a classical guitar but I don't think that's what you want.
To me, the difference between 6-string and 12-string is 12-string is more of a strumming instrument. You wail on it and it makes a big rich sound. 6-string is less rich but is easier for fancy picking if you want to get into that, which most people do eventually. I do some picking on my 12-string too but it is much less precise.
Other than that, I don't know what to say. Back when I was shopping for guitars, Yamaha was considered a good name that combined reasonable quality with good pricing. My guitar is a Yamaha.
But I don't know if that might have changed since the mid 70's.