A perennial plant or simply perennial (from Latin per, meaning "through", and annus, meaning "year") is a plant that lives for more than two years. The term is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials.
An annual plant is a plant that completes its life cycle, from germination to the production of seed, within one year, and then dies. Summer annuals germinate during spring or early summer and mature by fall of the same year. Winter annuals germinate during the fall and mature during the spring or summer of the following calendar year.
Herbs are mostly perennial herbs, meaning they will either stay green all winter or go dormant over the winter season and come back again in the spring. However, there are a couple of herbs that are biennial, which means they typically thrive in two growing seasons (spring and fall generally). Perennial herbs should be pruned back every fall, about a third to keep them from getting too woody over the winter months and to encourage new growth in Spring.
The following list shows all of the Perennial herbs and their primary uses. Since there are only two Biennial herbs, I have included them as well on this page. All of the herbs mentioned in this article and more can be purchased through my herb store under the category ‘Herb Seeds’.
Perennial Herbs
Bay (Laurus Nobilis)
Leaves used as seasoning for soups, stews, and seafood boil
Catnip (Nepeta Cataria)
Leaves for tea and seasoning, favorite of cats
Onion Chives (Allium Schoenoprasum)
Favorite of chefs, snip tops finely for mild onion flavor
Scented Geraniums (Pelargonium Spp.)
Leaves used in jellies, cakes, and potpourri
Hyssop (Hyssopus Officinalis)
Aromatic, pungent leaves used in medicinal preparations
Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia)
Fresh in salads, dried in soup, flowers dried for sachets and potpourri
Lemon Balm (Melissa Officinalis)
Leaves used in salads, teas and jellies
Lemon Verbena (Aloysia Triphylla)
Leaves used in teas and wines
Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon Citratus)
Leaves used in teas and to flavor oriental dishes
Lovage (Levisticum Officinale)
Cultivated in European gardens as a domestic remedy
Mint Marigold (Tagetes Lucida)
Leaves and flowers used as tarragon substitute
Oregano (Origanum Vulgare)
Flavoring for tomato dishes, pasta, soups and stews
Pennyroyal (Mentha Pulegium)
Leaves used in insect repellants
Peppermint (Mentha X Piperita)
Aromatic; used as flavoring; oil used in products such as candy, chewing gum, liquors, toilet water and soaps
Mexican Oregano (Poliomentha Longiflora)
Leaves used as oregano
Rosemary (Rosmarinus Officinalis)
Leaves flavor sauces, meats and soups
Sage (Salvia Officinalis)
Seasoning for meats, herb teas, and turkey dressing
Salad Burnet (Poterium Sanguisorba)
Leaves used fresh in salad (tastes like cucumber)
Spearmint (Mentha Spicata)
Aromatic; for flavoring, condiments and teas
Sweet Woodruff (Galium Odoratum)
Leaves used to make May wine, a punch made from white wine flavored with woodruff, orange and pineapple
Tansy (Tanacetum Vulgare)
Leaves and flowers used as insect repellant; flowers are excellent dried
Tarragon (Artemisia Dracunculus)
Seasoning with mild anise-like flavor; good with fish, salads and vinegar
Thyme (Thymus Vulgaris)
Seasoning with meats, fish, soups and dressings
Winter Savory (Satureja Montana)
Seasoning for eggs, stuffing, and sausage; accents strong flavors
Wormwood (Artemisia Spp.)
Leaves used as insect repellent and in dried arrangements